{"id":350,"date":"2016-05-09T21:03:42","date_gmt":"2016-05-09T20:03:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ahmetakgunduz.com\/?p=350"},"modified":"2016-05-09T21:03:42","modified_gmt":"2016-05-09T20:03:42","slug":"osmanli-devleti-bizansin-bir-kopyasi-midir-bizans-devlet-muesseselerinin-osmanli-devlet-muesseselerine-etkisi-var-midir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ahmedakgunduz.com\/?p=350","title":{"rendered":"Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, Bizans\u2019\u0131n bir kopyas\u0131 m\u0131d\u0131r? Bizans devlet m\u00fcesseselerinin Osmanl\u0131 devlet m\u00fcesseselerine etkisi var m\u0131d\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bu iddia, tamamen, Bat\u0131l\u0131 olan Busbecq<\/strong> gibi seyy\u00e2hlar\u0131n, Rambaud<\/strong> ve Gibbons<\/strong> gibi tarih\u00e7ilerin, t\u0131pk\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m Hukukunun Roma Hukukunun aynen devam\u0131 oldu\u011funa dair iddialarda bulunan M\u00fcste\u015frikler gibi, ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fckleri, delilden mahrum bir iddiad\u0131r. Maalesef, b\u00fct\u00fcn Osmanl\u0131 hukuk sistemi ve devlet te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131 ile ilgili ar\u015fiv belgeleri, bu iddialar\u0131n tamamen hayal\u00ee ve esass\u0131z olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ispat ettikleri ve Fuad K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc gibi ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar da, ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen b\u00fct\u00fcn iddialar\u0131, sat\u0131r sat\u0131r delillerle \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fckleri halde, Avrupal\u0131 baz\u0131 tarih\u00e7ilerin iddialar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren baz\u0131 tarih\u00e7ilerimiz ve bilim adamlar\u0131m\u0131z h\u00e2l\u00e2 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu sebeple, k\u0131sa da olsa, meseleyi \u00f6zetlemekte yarar vard\u0131r. Konu ile ilgili daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi edinmek isteyenleri, Osmanl\u0131 m\u00fcesseselerinin, Bizans m\u00fcesseselerinin bir taklidi olmay\u0131p, kendi gelene\u011fi i\u00e7inde geli\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6steren ve pe\u015fin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerle de\u011fil, sa\u011flam bir tarih metoduyla ve ilm\u00ee delillerle bunu ispat eden Fuad K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn\u00a0Bizans M\u00fcesseselerinin Osmanl\u0131 M\u00fcesseselerine Te\u2019siri <\/strong>adl\u0131 eserine; III. Ahmed\u2019in ferman\u0131yla kaleme al\u0131nan, sadece bu soruya cevap veren ve Osmanl\u0131 Kanunn\u00e2meleri<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>adl\u0131 eserimizin 11. Cildinde ne\u015fredilecek olan Kanun-\u0131 Te\u015fr\u00eef\u00e2t ve Te\u015fkil\u00e2t<\/strong> adl\u0131 Kanunn\u00e2meye havale ediyoruz.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6yle bir iddiay\u0131 ileri atanlar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck delilleri, F\u00e2tih\u2019in Kanunn\u00e2mesindeki baz\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin Bizans Hukukundan adapte edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131; Anadolu-Rumeli Beylikleri ikilisinin, Kazaskerli\u011fin, Defterd\u00e2rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve hatta Padi\u015fahlar\u0131n her hafta \u0130stanbul\u2019daki camilerden birine gitmesinin bile Bizans\u2019tan taklid edildi\u011fi \u015feklindeki hayali s\u00f6zlerdir. Bu iddialara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6zetle \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek icab etmektedir:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. A)<\/strong> Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman bir devlettir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu devletin hukuk, idare ve k\u0131saca b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcesseselerinde \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n esaslar\u0131 etkili olmu\u015ftur. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131nda iki \u00f6nemli etki s\u00f6z konusudur. Birincisi, <\/strong>\u0130sl\u00e2m Dininin esaslar\u0131 ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman devletlerin Buna mis\u00e2l olarak Abbas\u00ee Devletini zikredebiliriz. \u0130kincisi,<\/strong> eski T\u00fcrk Devlet te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131. \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n esaslar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmayan hususlar, T\u00fcrk Devletlerinde aynen korunmu\u015ftur.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin \u00f6rnek ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 devlet, \u00e7e\u015fitli milletlerin elinde geli\u015fip b\u00fcy\u00fcyen \u0130sl\u00e2m Devletidir. Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere, her \u015feyde oldu\u011fu gibi siyas\u00ee, hukuk\u00ee ve asker\u00ee bir te\u015fkil\u00e2t olan devletin geli\u015fmesinde de tedr\u00eecilik esast\u0131r. Her \u015fey gibi \u0130sl\u00e2m devleti de basitten daha m\u00fckemmele do\u011fru geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Hz. Peygamber kendi devrinde yasama, y\u00fcr\u00fctme ve yarg\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lk yaz\u0131l\u0131 anayasay\u0131 kendisi haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, ihtiya\u00e7lara g\u00f6re devlet te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 da kurabilmi\u015ftir. Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 ve \u00f6nemli belgeleri kaleme alan vahiy k\u00e2tiplerinin tesbiti, kendisine dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k yapan kimselerin tayin edilmesi, vergi tahsili i\u00e7in \u00e2millerin (vergi memurlar\u0131n\u0131n) \u00e7evreye g\u00f6nderilmesi, belli merkezlere kad\u0131 tayini yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve benzeri hususlar, Asr-\u0131 Sa\u2019\u00e2dette de \u00f6nemli bir devlet te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

    Hz. \u00d6mer zaman\u0131nda devletin mal\u00ee ve asker\u00ee meselelerinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in, Sas\u00e2n\u00ee devletinde bulunan divan sisteminin benimsenmesi, \u0130sl\u00e2m devlet te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir geli\u015fme olmu\u015ftur. Eski T\u00fcrk kurultay ananesinin de tesiriyle, b\u00fct\u00fcn M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk Devletlerinde devlet merkezinde bulunan ve devletin i\u015flerini birinci derecede g\u00f6rmeye yetkili k\u0131l\u0131nan bir divan, daima bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

    \u0130dar\u00ee te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131n oturmas\u0131 Abbas\u00eelerde m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmu\u015ftur. Abbas\u00ee Devletinin idar\u00ee te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131, kendisinden sonraki b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0130sl\u00e2m devletlerini ve \u00f6zellikle de Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ni ciddi manada etkilemi\u015ftir. Baz\u0131 ifade de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Divan-\u0131 H\u00fcm\u00e2y\u00fbn\u2019un da, Kazaskerlik m\u00fcessesesinin de, ey\u00e2let sisteminin de, ba\u015fta Abbas\u00ee Devleti olmak \u00fczere M\u00fcsl\u00fcman devletlerden al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesindir.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. B) <\/strong>\u0130sl\u00e2m Hukuku, Kur\u2019\u00e2n ve S\u00fcnnet\u2019in esaslar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmamak \u015fart\u0131yla, di\u011fer devletlerin idar\u00ee te\u015fkil\u00e2tlar\u0131n\u0131n ve asker\u00ee-mal\u00ee kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcman devletler taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nmas\u0131nda beis g\u00f6rmemi\u015ftir. Selm\u00e2n-\u0131 F\u00e2risi\u2019nin tavsiyesi \u00fczerine Divan sisteminin Sasan\u00eelerden al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in \u0130ran\u2019daki baz\u0131 vergilerin, mahiyetleri \u015fer\u2019\u00ee h\u00fck\u00fcmlere ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmamak \u015fart\u0131yla aynen b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 emretmesi bunun en m\u00fc\u015fahhas mis\u00e2lidir. Nitekim \u0130sl\u00e2m Hukukunun kaynaklar\u0131ndan biri de, \u015eer\u00e2\u2019iu Men Kablen\u00e2<\/strong> yani eski hukuk sistemleridir. Bu manada, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Bizans\u2019a ait muh\u00e2ber\u00e2t sisteminden yararlanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131; sorgu\u00e7lar, solaklar ve peykler gibi baz\u0131 giyim ve protokol kurallar\u0131n\u0131n Bizans\u2019tan ilham al\u0131narak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f bulunmas\u0131; S\u0131rbistan\u2019\u0131 fethettiklerinde, \u201cm\u00eer\u00ee arazi<\/strong> \u00fczerindeki madenlerin i\u015fletme esaslar\u0131<\/strong> \u00fcl\u00fc\u2019l-emr<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan tanzim olunur<\/strong>\u201d \u015fer\u2019\u00ee h\u00fckm\u00fcne uyularak, eski S\u0131rp Kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n tadil edilerek kabul edilmesi, hep bu esaslar\u0131n bir meyvesidir. Bu uygulamalar, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin hukuk ve devlet te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 Bizans\u2019tan aynen ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 manas\u0131na da gelmemektedir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u00d6zellikle baz\u0131 \u00f6rf\u00ee vergilerin Bizans yahut bir ba\u015fka devletten al\u0131nmas\u0131 ise, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n esaslar\u0131na uymak \u015fart\u0131yla, \u0130sl\u00e2m Hukuku taraf\u0131ndan c\u00e2iz g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Kald\u0131 ki, bu iktibas iddialar\u0131 da do\u011fru de\u011fildir. Hele hele \u00f6\u015f\u00fcr<\/strong> vergisinin Bizans\u2019tan al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmek, \u0130sl\u00e2m Hukukundan haberdar olmamak demektir.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. C) <\/strong>Tamamen faraziyeler halinde kalan ve ama ispat edilmi\u015f mesele olarak takdim edilen bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin aksine, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin m\u00fcesseseleri, Bizans\u2019tan de\u011fil, eski \u0130sl\u00e2m Devletlerinden, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmamak \u015fart\u0131yla eski T\u00fcrk Devletlerinden ve \u00f6zellikle de Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti ila Anadolu Beylikleri\u2019nin siyas\u00ee ve idar\u00ee te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131ndan ve ayr\u0131ca Mo\u011fol as\u0131ll\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman devletlerin, mesela \u0130lhanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin m\u00fcesseselerinden ciddi manada etkilenmi\u015ftir. Ancak kendini yeniledi\u011fi, Bizans veya ba\u015fka bir devlette g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yeni bir m\u00fcesseseyi tadil ederek kabul etti\u011fi de bir ger\u00e7ektir. E\u011fer Niz\u00e2m\u2019\u00fcl-M\u00fclk\u2019\u00fcn Siy\u00e2setn\u00e2me<\/strong>si<\/strong> ile Uzun\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 Devlet Te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131 ile alakal\u0131 eserlerini mukayese ederseniz, bu s\u00f6ylenenlerin ne derece do\u011fru oldu\u011funu daha rahat anlayabilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Mesela, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin as\u0131rlarca en m\u00fchim devlet organ\u0131 olan Divan<\/strong>-\u0131 H\u00fcm\u00e2y\u00fbn<\/strong>, Abbas\u00eeler\u2019den itibaren Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131na kadar b\u00fct\u00fcn M\u00fcsl\u00fcman devletlerinde bulunan Divan\u2019lar\u0131n devam\u0131d\u0131r; e\u011fer \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuku eserleri incelenirse, vez\u00e2ret-i tefv\u00eez<\/strong> makam\u0131n\u0131n sadece isim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ndeki sadrazaml\u0131k makam\u0131 oldu\u011fu hemen anla\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r. En \u00e7ok itiraz edilen ve Bizans\u2019tan al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilen iki beylerbeyilik usul\u00fcn\u00fc ise, Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131nda, Meml\u00fckl\u00fcler\u2019de ve Alt\u0131nordu Devleti\u2019nde de oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek yeterlidir. Merak edenleri, Kalka\u015fand\u00ee\u2019nin Subh\u2019\u00fcl-A\u2019\u015f\u00e2\u2019s\u0131na havale ediyoruz.<\/p>\n

        Nihayet hukuk sistemi<\/strong> ile ilgili olarak da \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek yerinde olacakt\u0131r: Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, \u0130sl\u00e2m hukukunu tatbik hususunda di\u011fer M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk Devletlerinden farkl\u0131 bir yol izlememi\u015ftir. \u0130sl\u00e2m Hukukunun a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a h\u00fck\u00fcm vaz\u2019 etti\u011fi alanlarda f\u0131k\u0131h kitaplar\u0131ndaki Hanefi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri esas al\u0131narak uygulamaya gidilmi\u015ftir. \u0130sl\u00e2m Hukukuna muh\u00e2lif bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc uygulamak \u015f\u00f6yle dursun, Hanefi mezhebine ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri uygulamay\u0131 bile \u00e7ok ciddi \u015fekil \u015fartlar\u0131na ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak \u0130sl\u00e2m Hukukunun y\u00fcksek otoriteye (\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019l-emre) i\u00e7i bo\u015f yasama yetkisi tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 sahalarda, belli bir yasama formalitesini takip ederek \u00f6rf\u00ee hukuk <\/strong>diye bilinen kanunn\u00e2meleri de tanzim etmi\u015flerdir. \u201cAllah<\/strong>\u2019\u0131n kullar\u0131n\u0131n maslahatlar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fer\u2019 ve kanun \u00fczere\u201d<\/strong> g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fler, b\u00fct\u00fcn hukuk\u00ee anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 \u201c\u015fer\u2019-i \u015ferif<\/strong> ve kanun \u00fczere ahk\u00e2m-\u0131 \u015ferife\u201d<\/strong> vererek halletmi\u015flerdir. Zaten M\u00fcltek\u2019al-Ebhur<\/strong> 1648 ve 1687 tarihli fermanlarla Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin resm\u00ee hukuk kodu olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

        K\u0131saca, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti m\u00fcesseselerinin, \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethinden sonra yeni ba\u015ftan tertip ve tanzim edildi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek, tarih\u00ee vak\u0131alara terstir. F\u00e2tih Kanunn\u00e2mesi de, Bizans\u2019tan etkilenerek haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bir Kanunn\u00e2me de\u011fil; belki o zamana kadar uygulana-gelen kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin resmi bir \u015fekilde tedv\u00een edilmi\u015f bir halidir. F\u00e2tih devrinde Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin hukuk sistemi veya m\u00fcesseseleri k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe tabi olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        Yap\u0131lan incelemeler, Bizans m\u00fcesseselerinin Osmanl\u0131 m\u00fcesseselerine etki etmedi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Alay<\/strong> ve efendi<\/strong> gibi baz\u0131 tabirlerin yahut baz\u0131 giyim tarzlar\u0131n\u0131n Bizans\u2019tan gelmesi ise, daha \u00f6nce aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u0130sl\u00e2m Hukuku kural\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r ve zaten daha \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemlerde ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. \u00d6yleyse, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ni Bizans\u2019\u0131n \u0130sl\u00e2mla\u015fm\u0131\u015f hali diye takdim etmek, tarihi bilmemek demektir[1].<\/p>\n

        <\/a> [1] Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Ar\u015fivi, (bundan sonra BA), YEE, nr. 14-1540 sh. 14; K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc, Fuad, Bizans M\u00fcesseselerinin Osmanl\u0131 M\u00fcesseselerine Tesiri, \u0130stanbul 1986, sh. 3-199; El-Kett\u00e2ni, Et Ter\u00e2tib\u2019\u00fcl-\u0130d\u00e2riyye Niz\u00e2m-u H\u00fck\u00fbmetin-Nebeviyye, I-II, Rabat, 1346\/1296, 1\/225 vd.; EI-Ferr\u00e2, Eb\u00fb Ya\u2019l\u00e2 Muhammed bin El-H\u00fcseyin, El-Ahk\u00e2m\u2019\u00fcs-Sult\u00e2niyye, Kahire 1938, 220 vd.; Tevki\u00ee Abdurrahman Pa\u015fa Kanunn\u00e2mesi MTM, c I, sh. 498-500; Kr\u015f. Barkan, \u00d6mer L\u00fctf\u00fc, XV. ve XVI. As\u0131rlarda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funda Zira\u00ee Ekonominin Hukuk\u00ee ve Mal\u00ee Esaslar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1943, sh. IX vd.; \u0130lmiye Saln\u00e2mesi, \u0130stanbul, 1334, sh. 316 vd.; Ergin, Osman Nuri, Mecelle-i Um\u00fbr-i Belediye, \u0130stanbul, 1337, l\/273 vd.; Uzun\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131l\u0131, \u0130smail Hakk\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Merkez ve Bahriye Te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131, Ankara, 1984, sh. 1 vd.; Kafeso\u011flu, \u0130brahim, T\u00fcrk Mill\u00ee K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, \u0130stanbul, 1983, 346 vd.; Togan, Zeki Velidi, Umum\u00ee T\u00fcrk Tarihine Giri\u015f, \u0130stanbul, 1981, 338 vd.<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        [1] Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Ar\u015fivi, (bundan sonra BA), YEE, nr. 14-1540 sh. 14; K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc, Fuad, Bizans M\u00fcesseselerinin Osmanl\u0131 M\u00fcesseselerine Tesiri, \u0130stanbul 1986, sh. 3-199; El-Kett\u00e2ni, Et Ter\u00e2tib\u2019\u00fcl-\u0130d\u00e2riyye Niz\u00e2m-u H\u00fck\u00fbmetin-Nebeviyye, I-II, Rabat, 1346\/1296, 1\/225 vd.; EI-Ferr\u00e2, Eb\u00fb Ya\u2019l\u00e2 Muhammed bin El-H\u00fcseyin, El-Ahk\u00e2m\u2019\u00fcs-Sult\u00e2niyye, Kahire 1938, 220 vd.; Tevki\u00ee Abdurrahman Pa\u015fa Kanunn\u00e2mesi MTM, c I, sh. 498-500; Kr\u015f. Barkan, \u00d6mer L\u00fctf\u00fc, XV. ve XVI. As\u0131rlarda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funda Zira\u00ee Ekonominin Hukuk\u00ee ve Mal\u00ee Esaslar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1943, sh. IX vd.; \u0130lmiye Saln\u00e2mesi, \u0130stanbul, 1334, sh. 316 vd.; Ergin, Osman Nuri, Mecelle-i Um\u00fbr-i Belediye, \u0130stanbul, 1337, l\/273 vd.; Uzun\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131l\u0131, \u0130smail Hakk\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Merkez ve Bahriye Te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131, Ankara, 1984, sh. 1 vd.; Kafeso\u011flu, \u0130brahim, T\u00fcrk Mill\u00ee K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, \u0130stanbul, 1983, 346 vd.; Togan, Zeki Velidi, Umum\u00ee T\u00fcrk Tarihine Giri\u015f, \u0130stanbul, 1981, 338 vd.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Bu iddia, tamamen, Bat\u0131l\u0131 olan Busbecq gibi seyy\u00e2hlar\u0131n, Rambaud ve Gibbons gibi tarih\u00e7ilerin, t\u0131pk\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m Hukukunun Roma Hukukunun aynen devam\u0131 oldu\u011funa dair iddialarda bulunan M\u00fcste\u015frikler gibi, ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fckleri, delilden mahrum bir iddiad\u0131r. Maalesef, b\u00fct\u00fcn Osmanl\u0131 hukuk sistemi ve devlet te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131 ile ilgili ar\u015fiv belgeleri, bu iddialar\u0131n tamamen hayal\u00ee ve esass\u0131z\u2026<\/p>\n

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