Timurlu Hanedan\u0131, 1370 y\u0131l\u0131nda Emir Timur taraf\u0131ndan kurulan ve Hindistan\u2019daki kolu \u0130ngilizler taraf\u0131ndan 1858 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131lan T\u00fcrk hanedan\u0131d\u0131r. Bu hanedan 14 ve 16. Y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda \u0130ran ve Orta Asya’da hakimiyet kurmu\u015f Timur Devleti\u2019ni (1370-1507) ve 16 ve 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda Hindistan’da varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olan Hindistan Mo\u011follar\u0131 olarak da bilinen Bab\u00fcr Devleti’ni (1526-1857) kurmu\u015f ve y\u00f6netmi\u015ftir. Timurlu hanedan\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcyesi olan Muhyiddin Evrengz\u00eeb \u02bb\u00c2lemg\u00eer I Han da 1658\u2019den 1707\u2019ye kadar Bab\u00fcr Devleti\u2019nin alt\u0131nc\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 olarak Hindistan b\u00f6lgesinde h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Evrengz\u00eeb Han zaman\u0131nda, Bab\u00fcr Devleti taraf\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6nemli kod\/kanun tanzim edilmi\u015ftir. Bu kodlardan ilki, tamamen f\u0131k\u0131h kitaplar\u0131ndan derlenen ve \u015fer\u2018\u00ee h\u00fck\u00fcmleri tedvin eden Fet\u00e2v\u00e2-y\u0131 Hindiyye (Fet\u00e2v\u00e2-y\u0131 \u02bb\u00c2lemg\u00eeriyye veya Fet\u00e2v\u00e2-y\u0131 Cih\u00e2ngiriyye) dir. \u0130kincisi, Evrengz\u00eeb Han\u2019\u0131n devlet te\u015fkilat\u0131na ait ilan etti\u011fi kanunn\u00e2mesidir ki, Ahk\u00e2m-\u0131 \u02bb\u00c2lemg\u00eer\u00ee ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bu kanunn\u00e2me, Hamiduddin Khan Bahadur taraf\u0131ndan Anecdotes of Aurangzib ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u0130ngilizce\u2019ye terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015ftir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc ise, \u00f6rf\u00ee hukukun \u00f6zellikle ta\u2018z\u00eer cezalar\u0131yla ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 tedv\u00een eden ve Osmanl\u0131 Umum\u00ee Kanunn\u00e2meleri\u2019nin birinci bab\u0131na benzeyen \u00c2y\u00een-i Ekber\u00ee yahut Ahk\u00e2m-\u0131 \u02bb\u00c2lemg\u00eer\u00ee isimli kanun mecmuas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kanunname daha \u00e7ok Ta\u2018z\u00eer\u00e2t-\u0131 \u02bb\u00c2lemg\u00eer\u00ee diye bilinir. Fars\u00e7a olarak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f olan T\u00e2zir\u00e2t-\u0131 \u02bb\u00c2lemg\u00eer\u00ee\u2019nin billinen tek bir n\u00fcshas\u0131 \u0130ran\u2019da bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu ceza kanununu 1672 y\u0131l\u0131nda haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Evrengz\u00eeb’in Kanunn\u00e2mesi, Sul\u1e6d\u00e2n S\u00fcleyman’\u0131n Kanunn\u00e2mesi kadar \u00f6nemlidir. I. Evrengz\u00eeb, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nde ta\u02bfz\u00eer su\u00e7lar\u0131 ve kanunn\u00e2me gibi idar\u00ee konularla ilgili Ta\u02bfzir\u00e2t’\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koymu\u015ftur. Bu Ta\u02bfzir\u00e2t, 1813 y\u0131l\u0131nda Muhammed Necmudd\u00een Han taraf\u0131ndan el-Fet\u00e2va\u2019l-\u02bb\u00c2lemg\u00eeriyye ile birlikte Fars\u00e7a\u2019ya \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir. Evrengz\u00eeb \u00c2lemg\u00eer (1658-1707) d\u00f6neminde \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6nemli kanunn\u00e2me \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, Hindistan\u2019da \u0130sl\u00e2m hukukunun tedvini alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ne kadar ileri bir seviyeye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda bu durum, Hindistan medreselerinden pek \u00e7ok f\u0131k\u0131h \u00e2liminin yeti\u015fti\u011fini ve bunlar\u0131n faydaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131n k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bahsi ge\u00e7en Ta\u2018z\u00eer\u00e2t-\u0131 \u02bb\u00c2lemg\u00eer\u00ee\u2019nin \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuku a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tahlilini ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019ye terc\u00fcmesini konu edinmektedir. \u00c7e\u015fitli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bu kanunnamenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahsedilmi\u015f olsa da hen\u00fcz g\u00fcncel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda ne\u015fredilmemi\u015f ve tahlili yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kanunname hakk\u0131ndaki de\u011ferlendirmeler ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7evirisinin ilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131na kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, ta\u2019z\u00eer su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130sl\u00e2m Devleti\u2019nde resmi olarak ne \u015fekilde uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nem arz etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/dergipark.org.tr\/tr\/pub\/ihad\/issue\/89322\/1439330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59777\/ihad.1439330<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n